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SQL Server - SELECT TOP Statement




Description

The SQL Server (Transact-SQL) SELECT TOP statement is used to retrieve records from one or more tables in SQL Server and limit the number of records returned based on a fixed value or percentage.

Syntax

The syntax for the SELECT TOP statement in SQL Server (Transact-SQL) is:
SELECT TOP (top_value) [ PERCENT ] [ WITH TIES ]
expressions
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions]
[ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC ]];

Parameters or Arguments

TOP (top_value)
Returns the top number of rows in the result set based on top_value. For example, TOP(10) would return the top 10 rows from the full result set.
PERCENT
Optional. If PERCENT is specified, then the top rows are based on a percentage of the total result set (as specfied by the top_value). For example, TOP(10) PERCENT would return the top 10% of the full result set.
WITH TIES
Optional. If the WITH TIES clause is specified, then rows tied in last place within the limited result set are returned. This may result in more rows be returned than the TOP parameter permits.
expressions
The columns or calculations that you wish to retrieve.
tables
The tables that you wish to retrieve records from. There must be at least one table listed in the FROM clause.
WHERE conditions
Optional. The conditions that must be met for the records to be selected.
ORDER BY expression
Optional. It is used in the SELECT TOP statement so that you can order the results and target those records that you wish to return. ASC is ascending order and DESC is descending order.

Example - Using TOP keyword

Let's look at a SQL Server example, where we use the TOP keyword in the SELECT statement.
For example:
SELECT TOP(5)
employee_id, last_name, first_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Anderson'
ORDER BY employee_id;
This SQL Server SELECT TOP example would select the first 5 records from the employees table where the last_name is 'Anderson'. If there are other records in the employees table that have a last_name of 'Anderson', they will not be returned by the SELECT statement.

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