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SQL Server: SELECT Statement




Description
The SQL Server (Transact-SQL) SELECT statement is used to retrieve records from one or more tables in a SQL Server database.

Syntax

In its simplest form, the syntax for the SELECT statement in SQL Server (Transact-SQL) is:
SELECT expressions
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions];
However, the full syntax for the SELECT statement in SQL Server (Transact-SQL) is:
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]
[ TOP (top_value) [ PERCENT ] [ WITH TIES ] ]
expressions
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions]
[GROUP BY expressions]
[HAVING condition]
[ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC ]];

Parameters or Arguments

ALL
Optional. Returns all matching rows.
DISTINCT
Optional. Removes duplicates from the result set. Learn more about the DISTINCT clause
TOP (top_value)
Optional. If specified, it will return the top number of rows in the result set based on top_value. For example, TOP(10) would return the top 10 rows from the full result set.
PERCENT
Optional. If specified, then the top rows are based on a percentage of the total result set (as specfied by the top_value). For example, TOP(10) PERCENT would return the top 10% of the full result set.
WITH TIES
Optional. If specified, then rows tied in last place within the limited result set are returned. This may result in more rows be returned than the TOP parameter permits.
expressions
The columns or calculations that you wish to retrieve. Use * if you wish to select all columns.
tables
The tables that you wish to retrieve records from. There must be at least one table listed in the FROM clause.
WHERE conditions
Optional. The conditions that must be met for the records to be selected.
GROUP BY expressions
Optional. It collects data across multiple records and groups the results by one or more columns.
HAVING condition
Optional. It is used in combination with the GROUP BY to restrict the groups of returned rows to only those whose the condition is TRUE.
ORDER BY expression
Optional. It is used to sort the records in your result set. ASC sorts in ascending order and DESC sorts in descending order.

Example - Select all fields from one table

Let's look at how to use a SQL Server SELECT query to select all fields from a table.
SELECT *
FROM inventory
WHERE quantity > 5 
ORDER BY inventory_id ASC;

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